1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
// Copyright (c) Mysten Labs, Inc.
// Modifications Copyright (c) 2024 IOTA Stiftung
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

use std::collections::BTreeMap;

use move_binary_format::errors::{PartialVMError, PartialVMResult};
use move_core_types::{
    gas_algebra::{AbstractMemorySize, InternalGas, NumArgs, NumBytes},
    language_storage::ModuleId,
    vm_status::StatusCode,
};
use move_vm_profiler::GasProfiler;
use move_vm_types::{
    gas::{GasMeter, SimpleInstruction},
    loaded_data::runtime_types::Type,
    views::{TypeView, ValueView},
};
use once_cell::sync::Lazy;

use crate::gas_model::units_types::{CostTable, Gas, GasCost};

/// VM flat fee
pub const VM_FLAT_FEE: Gas = Gas::new(8_000);

/// The size in bytes for a non-string or address constant on the stack
pub const CONST_SIZE: AbstractMemorySize = AbstractMemorySize::new(16);

/// The size in bytes for a reference on the stack
pub const REFERENCE_SIZE: AbstractMemorySize = AbstractMemorySize::new(8);

/// The size of a struct in bytes
pub const STRUCT_SIZE: AbstractMemorySize = AbstractMemorySize::new(2);

/// The size of a vector (without its containing data) in bytes
pub const VEC_SIZE: AbstractMemorySize = AbstractMemorySize::new(8);

/// For exists checks on data that doesn't exists this is the multiplier that is
/// used.
pub const MIN_EXISTS_DATA_SIZE: AbstractMemorySize = AbstractMemorySize::new(100);

pub static ZERO_COST_SCHEDULE: Lazy<CostTable> = Lazy::new(zero_cost_schedule);

pub static INITIAL_COST_SCHEDULE: Lazy<CostTable> = Lazy::new(initial_cost_schedule_v1);

/// The Move VM implementation of state for gas metering.
///
/// Initialize with a `CostTable` and the gas provided to the transaction.
/// Provide all the proper guarantees about gas metering in the Move VM.
///
/// Every client must use an instance of this type to interact with the Move VM.
#[allow(dead_code)]
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct GasStatus {
    pub gas_model_version: u64,
    cost_table: CostTable,
    gas_left: InternalGas,
    gas_price: u64,
    initial_budget: InternalGas,
    charge: bool,

    // The current height of the operand stack, and the maximal height that it has reached.
    stack_height_high_water_mark: u64,
    stack_height_current: u64,
    stack_height_next_tier_start: Option<u64>,
    stack_height_current_tier_mult: u64,

    // The current (abstract) size  of the operand stack and the maximal size that it has reached.
    stack_size_high_water_mark: u64,
    stack_size_current: u64,
    stack_size_next_tier_start: Option<u64>,
    stack_size_current_tier_mult: u64,

    // The total number of bytecode instructions that have been executed in the transaction.
    instructions_executed: u64,
    instructions_next_tier_start: Option<u64>,
    instructions_current_tier_mult: u64,

    profiler: Option<GasProfiler>,
}

impl GasStatus {
    /// Initialize the gas state with metering enabled.
    ///
    /// Charge for every operation and fail when there is no more gas to pay for
    /// operations. This is the instantiation that must be used when
    /// executing a user script.

    pub fn new(cost_table: CostTable, budget: u64, gas_price: u64, gas_model_version: u64) -> Self {
        assert!(gas_price > 0, "gas price cannot be 0");
        let budget_in_unit = budget / gas_price;
        let gas_left = Self::to_internal_units(budget_in_unit);
        let (stack_height_current_tier_mult, stack_height_next_tier_start) =
            cost_table.stack_height_tier(0);
        let (stack_size_current_tier_mult, stack_size_next_tier_start) =
            cost_table.stack_size_tier(0);
        let (instructions_current_tier_mult, instructions_next_tier_start) =
            cost_table.instruction_tier(0);
        Self {
            gas_model_version,
            gas_left,
            gas_price,
            initial_budget: gas_left,
            cost_table,
            charge: true,
            stack_height_high_water_mark: 0,
            stack_height_current: 0,
            stack_size_high_water_mark: 0,
            stack_size_current: 0,
            instructions_executed: 0,
            stack_height_current_tier_mult,
            stack_size_current_tier_mult,
            instructions_current_tier_mult,
            stack_height_next_tier_start,
            stack_size_next_tier_start,
            instructions_next_tier_start,
            profiler: None,
        }
    }

    /// Initialize the gas state with metering disabled.
    ///
    /// It should be used by clients in very specific cases and when executing
    /// system code that does not have to charge the user.
    pub fn new_unmetered() -> Self {
        Self {
            gas_model_version: 1,
            gas_left: InternalGas::new(0),
            gas_price: 1,
            initial_budget: InternalGas::new(0),
            cost_table: ZERO_COST_SCHEDULE.clone(),
            charge: false,
            stack_height_high_water_mark: 0,
            stack_height_current: 0,
            stack_size_high_water_mark: 0,
            stack_size_current: 0,
            instructions_executed: 0,
            stack_height_current_tier_mult: 0,
            stack_size_current_tier_mult: 0,
            instructions_current_tier_mult: 0,
            stack_height_next_tier_start: None,
            stack_size_next_tier_start: None,
            instructions_next_tier_start: None,
            profiler: None,
        }
    }

    const INTERNAL_UNIT_MULTIPLIER: u64 = 1000;

    fn to_internal_units(val: u64) -> InternalGas {
        InternalGas::new(val * Self::INTERNAL_UNIT_MULTIPLIER)
    }

    #[allow(dead_code)]
    fn to_nanos(&self, val: InternalGas) -> u64 {
        let gas: Gas = InternalGas::to_unit_round_down(val);
        u64::from(gas) * self.gas_price
    }

    pub fn push_stack(&mut self, pushes: u64) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        match self.stack_height_current.checked_add(pushes) {
            // We should never hit this.
            None => return Err(PartialVMError::new(StatusCode::ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW)),
            Some(new_height) => {
                if new_height > self.stack_height_high_water_mark {
                    self.stack_height_high_water_mark = new_height;
                }
                self.stack_height_current = new_height;
            }
        }

        if let Some(stack_height_tier_next) = self.stack_height_next_tier_start {
            if self.stack_height_current > stack_height_tier_next {
                let (next_mul, next_tier) =
                    self.cost_table.stack_height_tier(self.stack_height_current);
                self.stack_height_current_tier_mult = next_mul;
                self.stack_height_next_tier_start = next_tier;
            }
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    pub fn pop_stack(&mut self, pops: u64) {
        self.stack_height_current = self.stack_height_current.saturating_sub(pops);
    }

    pub fn increase_instruction_count(&mut self, amount: u64) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        match self.instructions_executed.checked_add(amount) {
            None => return Err(PartialVMError::new(StatusCode::PC_OVERFLOW)),
            Some(new_pc) => {
                self.instructions_executed = new_pc;
            }
        }

        if let Some(instr_tier_next) = self.instructions_next_tier_start {
            if self.instructions_executed > instr_tier_next {
                let (instr_cost, next_tier) =
                    self.cost_table.instruction_tier(self.instructions_executed);
                self.instructions_current_tier_mult = instr_cost;
                self.instructions_next_tier_start = next_tier;
            }
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    pub fn increase_stack_size(&mut self, size_amount: u64) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        match self.stack_size_current.checked_add(size_amount) {
            None => return Err(PartialVMError::new(StatusCode::ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW)),
            Some(new_size) => {
                if new_size > self.stack_size_high_water_mark {
                    self.stack_size_high_water_mark = new_size;
                }
                self.stack_size_current = new_size;
            }
        }

        if let Some(stack_size_tier_next) = self.stack_size_next_tier_start {
            if self.stack_size_current > stack_size_tier_next {
                let (next_mul, next_tier) =
                    self.cost_table.stack_size_tier(self.stack_size_current);
                self.stack_size_current_tier_mult = next_mul;
                self.stack_size_next_tier_start = next_tier;
            }
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    pub fn decrease_stack_size(&mut self, size_amount: u64) {
        let new_size = self.stack_size_current.saturating_sub(size_amount);
        if new_size > self.stack_size_high_water_mark {
            self.stack_size_high_water_mark = new_size;
        }
        self.stack_size_current = new_size;
    }

    /// Given: pushes + pops + increase + decrease in size for an instruction
    /// charge for the execution of the instruction.
    pub fn charge(
        &mut self,
        num_instructions: u64,
        pushes: u64,
        pops: u64,
        incr_size: u64,
        _decr_size: u64,
    ) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        self.push_stack(pushes)?;
        self.increase_instruction_count(num_instructions)?;
        self.increase_stack_size(incr_size)?;

        self.deduct_gas(
            GasCost::new(
                self.instructions_current_tier_mult
                    .checked_mul(num_instructions)
                    .ok_or_else(|| PartialVMError::new(StatusCode::ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW))?,
                self.stack_size_current_tier_mult
                    .checked_mul(incr_size)
                    .ok_or_else(|| PartialVMError::new(StatusCode::ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW))?,
                self.stack_height_current_tier_mult
                    .checked_mul(pushes)
                    .ok_or_else(|| PartialVMError::new(StatusCode::ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW))?,
            )
            .total_internal(),
        )?;

        // self.decrease_stack_size(decr_size);
        self.pop_stack(pops);
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Return the `CostTable` behind this `GasStatus`.
    pub fn cost_table(&self) -> &CostTable {
        &self.cost_table
    }

    /// Return the gas left.
    pub fn remaining_gas(&self) -> Gas {
        self.gas_left.to_unit_round_down()
    }

    /// Charge a given amount of gas and fail if not enough gas units are left.
    pub fn deduct_gas(&mut self, amount: InternalGas) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        if !self.charge {
            return Ok(());
        }

        match self.gas_left.checked_sub(amount) {
            Some(gas_left) => {
                self.gas_left = gas_left;
                Ok(())
            }
            None => {
                self.gas_left = InternalGas::new(0);
                Err(PartialVMError::new(StatusCode::OUT_OF_GAS))
            }
        }
    }

    // Deduct the amount provided with no conversion, as if it was InternalGasUnit
    fn deduct_units(&mut self, amount: u64) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        self.deduct_gas(InternalGas::new(amount))
    }

    pub fn set_metering(&mut self, enabled: bool) {
        self.charge = enabled
    }

    // The amount of gas used, it does not include the multiplication for the gas
    // price
    pub fn gas_used_pre_gas_price(&self) -> u64 {
        let gas: Gas = match self.initial_budget.checked_sub(self.gas_left) {
            Some(val) => InternalGas::to_unit_round_down(val),
            None => InternalGas::to_unit_round_down(self.initial_budget),
        };
        u64::from(gas)
    }

    // Charge the number of bytes with the cost per byte value
    // As more bytes are read throughout the computation the cost per bytes is
    // increased.
    pub fn charge_bytes(&mut self, size: usize, cost_per_byte: u64) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        let computation_cost = size as u64 * cost_per_byte;
        self.deduct_units(computation_cost)
    }

    fn abstract_memory_size(&self, val: impl ValueView) -> AbstractMemorySize {
        val.abstract_memory_size()
    }

    pub fn gas_price(&self) -> u64 {
        self.gas_price
    }

    pub fn stack_height_high_water_mark(&self) -> u64 {
        self.stack_height_high_water_mark
    }

    pub fn stack_size_high_water_mark(&self) -> u64 {
        self.stack_size_high_water_mark
    }

    pub fn instructions_executed(&self) -> u64 {
        self.instructions_executed
    }
}

/// Returns a tuple of (<pops>, <pushes>, <stack_size_decrease>,
/// <stack_size_increase>)
fn get_simple_instruction_stack_change(
    instr: SimpleInstruction,
) -> (u64, u64, AbstractMemorySize, AbstractMemorySize) {
    use SimpleInstruction::*;

    match instr {
        // NB: The `Ret` pops are accounted for in `Call` instructions, so we say `Ret` has no pops.
        Nop | Ret => (0, 0, 0.into(), 0.into()),
        BrTrue | BrFalse => (1, 0, Type::Bool.size(), 0.into()),
        Branch => (0, 0, 0.into(), 0.into()),
        LdU8 => (0, 1, 0.into(), Type::U8.size()),
        LdU16 => (0, 1, 0.into(), Type::U16.size()),
        LdU32 => (0, 1, 0.into(), Type::U32.size()),
        LdU64 => (0, 1, 0.into(), Type::U64.size()),
        LdU128 => (0, 1, 0.into(), Type::U128.size()),
        LdU256 => (0, 1, 0.into(), Type::U256.size()),
        LdTrue | LdFalse => (0, 1, 0.into(), Type::Bool.size()),
        FreezeRef => (1, 1, REFERENCE_SIZE, REFERENCE_SIZE),
        ImmBorrowLoc | MutBorrowLoc => (0, 1, 0.into(), REFERENCE_SIZE),
        ImmBorrowField | MutBorrowField | ImmBorrowFieldGeneric | MutBorrowFieldGeneric => {
            (1, 1, REFERENCE_SIZE, REFERENCE_SIZE)
        }
        // Since we don't have the size of the value being cast here we take a conservative
        // over-approximation: it is _always_ getting cast from the smallest integer type.
        CastU8 => (1, 1, Type::U8.size(), Type::U8.size()),
        CastU16 => (1, 1, Type::U8.size(), Type::U16.size()),
        CastU32 => (1, 1, Type::U8.size(), Type::U32.size()),
        CastU64 => (1, 1, Type::U8.size(), Type::U64.size()),
        CastU128 => (1, 1, Type::U8.size(), Type::U128.size()),
        CastU256 => (1, 1, Type::U8.size(), Type::U256.size()),
        // NB: We don't know the size of what integers we're dealing with, so we conservatively
        // over-approximate by popping the smallest integers, and push the largest.
        Add | Sub | Mul | Mod | Div => (2, 1, Type::U8.size() + Type::U8.size(), Type::U256.size()),
        BitOr | BitAnd | Xor => (2, 1, Type::U8.size() + Type::U8.size(), Type::U256.size()),
        Shl | Shr => (2, 1, Type::U8.size() + Type::U8.size(), Type::U256.size()),
        Or | And => (
            2,
            1,
            Type::Bool.size() + Type::Bool.size(),
            Type::Bool.size(),
        ),
        Lt | Gt | Le | Ge => (2, 1, Type::U8.size() + Type::U8.size(), Type::Bool.size()),
        Not => (1, 1, Type::Bool.size(), Type::Bool.size()),
        Abort => (1, 0, Type::U64.size(), 0.into()),
    }
}

impl GasMeter for GasStatus {
    /// Charge an instruction and fail if not enough gas units are left.
    fn charge_simple_instr(&mut self, instr: SimpleInstruction) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        let (pops, pushes, pop_size, push_size) = get_simple_instruction_stack_change(instr);
        self.charge(1, pushes, pops, push_size.into(), pop_size.into())
    }

    fn charge_pop(&mut self, popped_val: impl ValueView) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        self.charge(1, 0, 1, 0, self.abstract_memory_size(popped_val).into())
    }

    fn charge_native_function(
        &mut self,
        amount: InternalGas,
        ret_vals: Option<impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = impl ValueView>>,
    ) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        // Charge for the number of pushes on to the stack that the return of this
        // function is going to cause.
        let pushes = ret_vals
            .as_ref()
            .map(|ret_vals| ret_vals.len())
            .unwrap_or(0) as u64;
        // Calculate the number of bytes that are getting pushed onto the stack.
        let size_increase = ret_vals
            .map(|ret_vals| {
                ret_vals.fold(AbstractMemorySize::zero(), |acc, elem| {
                    acc + self.abstract_memory_size(elem)
                })
            })
            .unwrap_or_else(AbstractMemorySize::zero);
        // Charge for the stack operations. We don't count this as an "instruction"
        // since we already accounted for the `Call` instruction in the
        // `charge_native_function_before_execution` call.
        self.charge(0, pushes, 0, size_increase.into(), 0)?;
        // Now charge the gas that the native function told us to charge.
        self.deduct_gas(amount)
    }

    fn charge_native_function_before_execution(
        &mut self,
        _ty_args: impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = impl TypeView>,
        args: impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = impl ValueView>,
    ) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        // Determine the number of pops that are going to be needed for this function
        // call, and charge for them.
        let pops = args.len() as u64;
        // Calculate the size decrease of the stack from the above pops.
        let stack_reduction_size = args.fold(AbstractMemorySize::new(pops), |acc, elem| {
            acc + self.abstract_memory_size(elem)
        });
        // Track that this is going to be popping from the operand stack. We also
        // increment the instruction count as we need to account for the `Call`
        // bytecode that initiated this native call.
        self.charge(1, 0, pops, 0, stack_reduction_size.into())
    }

    fn charge_call(
        &mut self,
        _module_id: &ModuleId,
        _func_name: &str,
        args: impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = impl ValueView>,
        _num_locals: NumArgs,
    ) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        // We will have to perform this many pops for the call.
        let pops = args.len() as u64;
        // Size stays the same -- we're just moving it from the operand stack to the
        // locals. But the size on the operand stack is reduced by sum_{args}
        // arg.size().
        let stack_reduction_size = args.fold(AbstractMemorySize::new(0), |acc, elem| {
            acc + self.abstract_memory_size(elem)
        });
        self.charge(1, 0, pops, 0, stack_reduction_size.into())
    }

    fn charge_call_generic(
        &mut self,
        _module_id: &ModuleId,
        _func_name: &str,
        _ty_args: impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = impl TypeView>,
        args: impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = impl ValueView>,
        _num_locals: NumArgs,
    ) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        // We have to perform this many pops from the operand stack for this function
        // call.
        let pops = args.len() as u64;
        // Calculate the size reduction on the operand stack.
        let stack_reduction_size = args.fold(AbstractMemorySize::new(0), |acc, elem| {
            acc + self.abstract_memory_size(elem)
        });
        // Charge for the pops, no pushes, and account for the stack size decrease. Also
        // track the `CallGeneric` instruction we must have encountered for
        // this.
        self.charge(1, 0, pops, 0, stack_reduction_size.into())
    }

    fn charge_ld_const(&mut self, size: NumBytes) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        // Charge for the load from the locals onto the stack.
        self.charge(1, 1, 0, u64::from(size), 0)
    }

    fn charge_ld_const_after_deserialization(
        &mut self,
        _val: impl ValueView,
    ) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        // We already charged for this based on the bytes that we're loading so don't
        // charge again.
        Ok(())
    }

    fn charge_copy_loc(&mut self, val: impl ValueView) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        // Charge for the copy of the local onto the stack.
        self.charge(1, 1, 0, self.abstract_memory_size(val).into(), 0)
    }

    fn charge_move_loc(&mut self, val: impl ValueView) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        // Charge for the move of the local on to the stack. Note that we charge here
        // since we aren't tracking the local size (at least not yet). If we
        // were, this should be a net-zero operation in terms of memory usage.
        self.charge(1, 1, 0, self.abstract_memory_size(val).into(), 0)
    }

    fn charge_store_loc(&mut self, val: impl ValueView) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        // Charge for the storing of the value on the stack into a local. Note here that
        // if we were also accounting for the size of the locals that this would
        // be a net-zero operation in terms of memory.
        self.charge(1, 0, 1, 0, self.abstract_memory_size(val).into())
    }

    fn charge_pack(
        &mut self,
        _is_generic: bool,
        args: impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = impl ValueView>,
    ) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        // We perform `num_fields` number of pops.
        let num_fields = args.len() as u64;
        // The actual amount of memory on the stack is staying the same with the
        // addition of some extra size for the struct, so the size doesn't
        // really change much.
        self.charge(1, 1, num_fields, STRUCT_SIZE.into(), 0)
    }

    fn charge_unpack(
        &mut self,
        _is_generic: bool,
        args: impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = impl ValueView>,
    ) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        // We perform `num_fields` number of pushes.
        let num_fields = args.len() as u64;
        self.charge(1, num_fields, 1, 0, STRUCT_SIZE.into())
    }

    fn charge_variant_switch(&mut self, val: impl ValueView) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        // We perform a single pop of a value from the stack.
        self.charge(1, 0, 1, 0, self.abstract_memory_size(val).into())
    }

    fn charge_read_ref(&mut self, ref_val: impl ValueView) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        // We read the reference so we are decreasing the size of the stack by the size
        // of the reference, and adding to it the size of the value that has
        // been read from that reference.
        self.charge(
            1,
            1,
            1,
            self.abstract_memory_size(ref_val).into(),
            REFERENCE_SIZE.into(),
        )
    }

    fn charge_write_ref(
        &mut self,
        new_val: impl ValueView,
        old_val: impl ValueView,
    ) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        // TODO(tzakian): We should account for this elsewhere as the owner of data the
        // the reference points to won't be on the stack. For now though, we
        // treat it as adding to the stack size.
        self.charge(
            1,
            1,
            2,
            self.abstract_memory_size(new_val).into(),
            self.abstract_memory_size(old_val).into(),
        )
    }

    fn charge_eq(&mut self, lhs: impl ValueView, rhs: impl ValueView) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        let size_reduction = self.abstract_memory_size(lhs) + self.abstract_memory_size(rhs);
        self.charge(
            1,
            1,
            2,
            (Type::Bool.size() + size_reduction).into(),
            size_reduction.into(),
        )
    }

    fn charge_neq(&mut self, lhs: impl ValueView, rhs: impl ValueView) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        let size_reduction = self.abstract_memory_size(lhs) + self.abstract_memory_size(rhs);
        self.charge(1, 1, 2, Type::Bool.size().into(), size_reduction.into())
    }

    fn charge_vec_pack<'a>(
        &mut self,
        _ty: impl TypeView + 'a,
        args: impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = impl ValueView>,
    ) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        // We will perform `num_args` number of pops.
        let num_args = args.len() as u64;
        // The amount of data on the stack stays constant except we have some extra
        // metadata for the vector to hold the length of the vector.
        self.charge(1, 1, num_args, VEC_SIZE.into(), 0)
    }

    fn charge_vec_len(&mut self, _ty: impl TypeView) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        self.charge(1, 1, 1, Type::U64.size().into(), REFERENCE_SIZE.into())
    }

    fn charge_vec_borrow(
        &mut self,
        _is_mut: bool,
        _ty: impl TypeView,
        _is_success: bool,
    ) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        self.charge(
            1,
            1,
            2,
            REFERENCE_SIZE.into(),
            (REFERENCE_SIZE + Type::U64.size()).into(),
        )
    }

    fn charge_vec_push_back(
        &mut self,
        _ty: impl TypeView,
        _val: impl ValueView,
    ) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        // The value was already on the stack, so we aren't increasing the number of
        // bytes on the stack.
        self.charge(1, 0, 2, 0, REFERENCE_SIZE.into())
    }

    fn charge_vec_pop_back(
        &mut self,
        _ty: impl TypeView,
        _val: Option<impl ValueView>,
    ) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        self.charge(1, 1, 1, 0, REFERENCE_SIZE.into())
    }

    fn charge_vec_unpack(
        &mut self,
        _ty: impl TypeView,
        expect_num_elements: NumArgs,
        _elems: impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = impl ValueView>,
    ) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        // Charge for the pushes
        let pushes = u64::from(expect_num_elements);
        // The stack size stays pretty much the same modulo the additional vector size
        self.charge(1, pushes, 1, 0, VEC_SIZE.into())
    }

    fn charge_vec_swap(&mut self, _ty: impl TypeView) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        let size_decrease = REFERENCE_SIZE + Type::U64.size() + Type::U64.size();
        self.charge(1, 1, 1, 0, size_decrease.into())
    }

    fn charge_drop_frame(
        &mut self,
        _locals: impl Iterator<Item = impl ValueView>,
    ) -> PartialVMResult<()> {
        Ok(())
    }

    fn remaining_gas(&self) -> InternalGas {
        if !self.charge {
            return InternalGas::new(u64::MAX);
        }
        self.gas_left
    }

    fn get_profiler_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut GasProfiler> {
        self.profiler.as_mut()
    }

    fn set_profiler(&mut self, profiler: GasProfiler) {
        self.profiler = Some(profiler);
    }
}

pub fn zero_cost_schedule() -> CostTable {
    let mut zero_tier = BTreeMap::new();
    zero_tier.insert(0, 0);
    CostTable {
        instruction_tiers: zero_tier.clone(),
        stack_size_tiers: zero_tier.clone(),
        stack_height_tiers: zero_tier,
    }
}

pub fn unit_cost_schedule() -> CostTable {
    let mut unit_tier = BTreeMap::new();
    unit_tier.insert(0, 1);
    CostTable {
        instruction_tiers: unit_tier.clone(),
        stack_size_tiers: unit_tier.clone(),
        stack_height_tiers: unit_tier,
    }
}

pub fn initial_cost_schedule_v1() -> CostTable {
    let instruction_tiers: BTreeMap<u64, u64> = vec![
        (0, 1),
        (20_000, 2),
        (50_000, 10),
        (100_000, 50),
        (200_000, 100),
        (10_000_000, 1000),
    ]
    .into_iter()
    .collect();

    let stack_height_tiers: BTreeMap<u64, u64> =
        vec![(0, 1), (1_000, 2), (10_000, 10)].into_iter().collect();

    let stack_size_tiers: BTreeMap<u64, u64> = vec![
        (0, 1),
        (100_000, 2),        // ~100K
        (500_000, 5),        // ~500K
        (1_000_000, 100),    // ~1M
        (100_000_000, 1000), // ~100M
    ]
    .into_iter()
    .collect();

    CostTable {
        instruction_tiers,
        stack_size_tiers,
        stack_height_tiers,
    }
}

// Convert from our representation of gas costs to the type that the MoveVM
// expects for unit tests. We don't want our gas depending on the MoveVM test
// utils and we don't want to fix our representation to whatever is there, so
// instead we perform this translation from our gas units and cost schedule to
// the one expected by the Move unit tests.
pub fn initial_cost_schedule_for_unit_tests() -> move_vm_test_utils::gas_schedule::CostTable {
    let table = initial_cost_schedule_v1();
    move_vm_test_utils::gas_schedule::CostTable {
        instruction_tiers: table.instruction_tiers,
        stack_height_tiers: table.stack_height_tiers,
        stack_size_tiers: table.stack_size_tiers,
    }
}